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Prepositional Phrases

  1. Preposition + article (a an the) + noun or pronoun
  2. around the corner
  3. beneath the old oak tree
  4. under the refrigerator
  5. of steel
  6. Compound prepositional phrases
    1. between you and me
    2. with Jeff and Mary
    3. of epoxy glue and crappy plastic
    4. on Wall Street
    Prepositional Phrases in a Sentence
  1. Over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house, we go.
  2. Over the river and through the woods to grandmother's house, we go.
    Prepositional Phrases in a Sentence
  1. On the corner of Fifth and Main near the blue fire hydrant under the old oak tree with the broken branch from the storm, I found a bag of money.
  2. On the corner of Fifth and Main near the blue fire hydrant under the old oak tree with the broken branch from the storm, I found a bag of money.

Infinitive Phrases

  1. Infinitive phrases are verb phrases that act as something other than a verb i.e. another part of speech.
  2. to + action verb
    1. I want you to put that down.
    2. I want to go with you
  3. to + adverb + action verb
    1. I want to very carefully put that down.
    2. I want to boldly go with you

Participle Phrases

  1. Participle phrases are verb phrases that act primarily as adjectives modifying a noun. You should place the participle phrase as close to the noun it is modifying as possible.
  2. present participle + words
    1. Yelling as loudly as possible, the fireman tried to warn the residents to get back.
    2. The squirrel, running for its life, escaped the path of the speeding truck.
    3. The teacher yelled at the child, making her cry.

Gerund Phrases

  • Gerund phrases are verb phrases that act primarily as nouns and the subjects of sentences.
  • Usually begins with a present participle —ing ending.
    1. Hitting a child is known to lower his or her IQ.
    2. Running as fast as you can eventually makes you gasp for air.
    3. Mother Theresa wanted to make caring for the dying the focus of her life.

    Dependent Clauses

    Dependent clauses are independent clauses that start with a subordinating conjunction: because, if, while, before, after, when, as, since, once, whenever, whatever, as soon as, although, even though, that, which, whichever.

    Subordinating conjunction + independent clause = dependent clause. They are called "dependent" clauses because they depend on the independent clause they are matched with to make sense.

    Dependent Clauses

    1. If you go to the store,please pick up some milk and butter.
    2. Because Jeremy wasn't feeling well, Marleena had to go to the movies alone.
    3. I made it to work today even though it was a blizzard out there.
    4. In the 1950s, schools were closed whenever there was a polio outbreak.

    Restrictive Clauses

    A restrictive clause is a group of words that add necessary information to the sentence. If you remove the information from the sentence, it will not make sense. So, you do not place commas around restrictive clauses.

    1. The big white oak tree that fell in the street and blocked traffic split apart during the last storm.
    2. The coach who has an undefeated record is very successful.
    3. The car that has all the recalls is the one that crashed into the concrete wall after losing control.

    Non-restrictive Clauses

    A non-restrictive clause is a group of words that add information to the sentence that is not necessary, but does add to the details of the sentence. If you remove the information from the sentence, it will still make sense. So, you do place commas around non-restrictive clauses.

    Non-restrictive Clauses

    1. The big white oak tree, the one we climbed when we were kids, was uprooted during the last storm.
    2. The coach, who owns an old Ford Bronco, has a long winning streak.
    3. The bicycle, which was made by Trek, has won a lot of races and lost very few.
    4. Inkscape, which you can find at Portablapps.com, is a great program for drawing.

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